CHROMOSOMES WITH BIO-CHEMISTRY

(Bio Algebra of Chromosomes) 

(Mathematical Lab of Sikander Aqeel) 

CHAPTER [2] AMINO ACID AND PEPTIDES 

THE ACID-BASE PROPERTIES OF AMINO ACIDS, 

(11/26/2015) 

Knowledge of the acid-base properties of amino acids is extremely important in understanding many properties of proteins, Moreover the entire art of separating identifying and quantitating the different amino acid composition and sequence of proteins, is based on their characteristic acid-base behavior, 

Amino acids crystallized from natural aqueous solutions in fully ionized form, as dipolar ions, or zwitterions rather than in their un-ionized form, 

A fact suggested by the rather high melting points of crystalline amino acids, which exceed 267 Centigrade, although such dipolar ions, are electrically neutral and do not move in an electrical field, they have opposite electrical charge at their two poles, 

(11/27/2015)

When they crystallize, the crystal lattice at is held together by strong electrostatic force between positive and negatively charge ground of adjacent molecules resembling the stable crystal lattice of NaCl, 

Very high temperature must be applied to such an ionic lattice to separate the positive and negative charge from each another, 

In contrast most simple un-ionized organic compounds of law molecular weight have relatively low melting point, constant with their relatively “soft” and unstable non-ionic crystal lattice 

(11/28/2015)

When crystalline zwitterionic amino acids such as alanine is dissolved in water and it can act either as an acid [proton donor] or as a base [proton acceptor] 

(12/4/2015) 

Substance having this property are amphoteric (Gr.amphi both) and are often called amphplytes, a term abbreviated from “amphoteric” electrolytes, the acid base behavior of ampholytes including the amino acids, 

A simply mono-amino monocarboxylic a-amino acids such as Alanine is considered to be a diprotic acid when it is fully protonated, that is when both its carboxyl group and amino group have accepted protons, in this form it can donate two protons during its complete titration with base, the cures of such a two-stage titration with Sodium hydroxide can represented in following equation which indicate the nature of each ionic involved, 

(12/7/2015) 

The titration curve of Alanine, it has two distinct stage, corresponding to the titration of the two protons of the fully protonated species, Each leg of the curve resemble the typical titration curve of monoprotic acid, such each leg has (0.1 Chromosomes OH) midpoint at which the pH of the system is equal to pK, of the protonated group begin titration, 

The first leg of the curve, with a midpoint at pH 2.34 corresponding to the removal of proton from the the Carboxyl groups, 

The second leg with its midpoint at pH 9.69, corresponding to the removal of a proton from the NH3 group, At pH 2.34 by the 46.25 Chromosomes    

A = for example  

Numbers of Chromosomes in cell = 46.25

One electron or line = 0.008 photon 

Metals ratio = 50 

NH3CH-COOH = 76.25 M

    Numbers of Chromosomes in cell = 46.25 * 0.00040 line = 0.0185

                                                   = 0.0185 + 0.00022 = 0.01872

                                                   = 0.01872 * 50 ratio = 0.936 Cross-protons 

                                                   = 0.936 * 2.5 H2 = 2.34

                                                   = 2.34 = pH of first leg, by 46.25 Chromosomes   

About line = (0.008)2 

Proton donor or acceptor 

 Because line = 0.00040 / 0.008 = 0.05 

                   = 0.05 / 0.008 = 6.25 

                   = 6.25 + 3.44 proton H3 = 9.69

                    = 9.69 = second midpoint by acceptor H3 group of NH3 

The second leg with its midpoint at pH 9.69, corresponding to the removal of a proton from the NH3 group, At pH 2.34 by the 46.25 Chromosomes    

A = for example  

Numbers of Chromosomes in cell = 46.25

One electron or line = 0.008 photon 

Metals ratio = 50 

NH3CH-COOH = 76.25 M

    Numbers of Chromosomes in cell = 46.25 * 0.00040 line = 0.0185

                                                   = 0.0185 + 0.00022 = 0.01872

                                                   = 0.01872 * 50 ratio = 0.936 Cross-protons 

                                                   = 0.936 * 2.5 H2 = 2.34

                                                   = 2.34 = pH of first leg, by 46.25 Chromosomes   

About line = (0.008)2 

Proton donor or acceptor 

 Because line = 0.00040 / 0.008 = 0.05 

                   = 0.05 / 0.008 = 6.25 

                   = 6.25 * 7 proton of nitrogen = 43.75

                    = 43.75 + 1.25 = 45

                    = 45.25 = COOH = Carboxyl groups 

The first leg of the curve, with a midpoint at pH 2.34 corresponding to the removal of proton from the Carboxyl groups,   

ALGEBRA OF CHROMOSOMES

Rate = r + 76.25 = NH3CHCOOH

Time = 46.25 Chromosomes 

Chemical = 46.25(r + 76.25) 

Hydroxide = 34.5

                     Hydroxide from Chromosomes 

                     46.25r + 46.25(r + 76.25) = 7053.125 

                 46.25r + 46.25 + 3526.5625 = 7053.125

                               92.5r + 3526.5625 = 7053.125 

             92.5r + 3526.5625 + 7053.125 = 7053.125 - 3526.5625      

                                                  92.5r = 3526.5625

                                                92.5r   =      3526.5625

                                          -----------  =   ------------- 

                                               92.5    =       92.5 

                                             r = 38.125

                                             r = 38.125 – 3.625 donor = 34.5 

                                             r = 34.5 = (OH-)2 Hydroxide ion for DNA 

Here should be two donor to complete the titration, but here are three proton, (3.625 H) because third is Chromosomes and two are donor protons,