(Bio Mathematical Lab of Sikander Aqeel)
CHAPTER [3] PROTEINS
Proteins
(4/15/2016)
Amino Acid Composition of Proteins:
It is amazing that all the different types of proteins are initially synthesized as polymers of only 20 amino acids, known as the common amino acids, the common amino acids are defined as those amino acids for which a specific codon exists in the DNA genetic code, there are 20 amino acids for which DNA codon are known, the process of the reading of the DNA code, resulting in the polymerization of amino acids of a specific sequence into the proteins based on the DNA code, In this chapter we shall discus only the protein of this genetically controlled synthetic process,
For example
Valine = C5H11NO2 = 119.75 m/g
Valine = GUU, GUC, GUA, GUG, = mRNA Codons
(GUANINE)
= a2 + b2 = c2
= a2 = Valine and b2 = Guanine = c2
= a2 = 119.75 m/g and b2 = 151.13 g/mol = c2
= a119.75 + b151.13 = c2
= 14340.0625 + 22840.2769 = c2
= a + b = 37180.3394 = c2
= a + b = 37180.3394 / 49.20 (COOH + H3 = 49) = 755.65
= a + b = 755.65 / 151.13 (G) = 5
= a + b = 5 Guanine for mRNA Valine,
mRNA Valine Non-Polar = 5 Guanine
tRNA Valine Non-Polar = 0 Guanine
(CYTOSINE)
= a2 + b2 = c2
= a2 = Valine and b2 = Cytosine = c2
= a2 = 119.75 m/g and b2 = 111.1 g/mol = c2
= a119.75 + b111.1 = c2
= 14340.0625 + 12343.21 = c2
= a + b = 26683.2725 = c2
= a + b = 26683.2725 / 240.17 (C6H12O6 183 + CO2 44 + C 12 + 1 H = 240) = 111.1
= a + b = 111.1 / 111.1 (C) = 1
= a + b = 1 Cytosine for mRNA Valine,
mRNA Valine Non-Polar = 1 Cytosine
tRNA Valine Non-Polar = 0 Cytosine
(ADENINE)
= a2 + b2 = c2
= a2 = Valine and b2 = Adenine = c2
= a2 = 119.75 m/g and b2 = 135.13 g/mol = c2
= a119.75 + b135.13 = c2
= 14340.0625 + 18260.1169 = c2
= a + b = 32600.1794 = c2
= a + b = 32600.1794 / 241.25 (Tryptophan 207 + CH2OH 31.75 + 2.5 H2 = 241.25) = 135.13
= a + b = 135.13 / 135.13 (A) = 1
= a + b = 1 Adenine for mRNA Valine,
mRNA Valine Non-Polar = 1 Adenine
tRNA Valine Non-Polar = 0 Adenine
(URACIL)
= a2 + b2 = c2
= a2 = Valine and b2 = Uracil = c2
= a2 = 119.75 m/g and b2 = 112.0868 g/mol = c2
= a119.75 + b112.0868 = c2
= 14340.0625 + 12563.45073424 = c2
= a + b = 26903.51323424 = c2
= a + b = 26903.51323424 / 48.04 (CH2OH + O = 47.75) = 560
= a + b = 560 / 112 (U) = 5
= a + b = 5 Uracil for mRNA Valine,
mRNA Valine Non-Polar = 5 Uracil
tRNA Valine Non-Polar = 0 Uracil
Total Codons = G5 + C1 + U5 + A1 = 12
Valine = GUU, GUC, GUA, GUG, = mRNA Codons
There are 20 amino acids for which mRNA codon are known, the process of the reading of the mRNA code, resulting in the polymerization of amino acids of a specific sequence into the proteins based on the mRNA code,
The genetically controlled synthetic process =
= (COOH + H3 = 49)
= (C6H12O6 183 + CO2 44 + C 12 + 1 H = 240)
= (Tryptophan 207 + CH2OH 31.75 + 2.5 H2 = 241.25)
= (CH2OH + O = 47.75)
Main Functions of Valine
One of the 3 major Branched-Chain Amino Acids (BCAA) . . .the other 2 being leucine and isoleucine . . . all of which are involved with muscle strength, endurance, and muscle stamina.
(CH2OH + O = 47.75)
BCAA levels are significantly decreased by insulin. High dietary sugar or glucose intake causes release of insulin, which, in turn, causes a drop in BCAA levels. (CH2OH + O = 47.75)
Competes with Tyrosine and Tryptophan in crossing the blood-brain barrier, the higher the Valine level, (Tryptophan 207 + CH2OH 31.75 + 2.5 H2 = 241.25)
The lower the brain levels of Tyrosine and Tryptophan. One of the implications of this competition is that Tyrosine and Tryptophan nutritional supplements need to be taken at least an hour before or after meals or supplements that are high in branched chain amino acids. (Tryptophan 207 + CH2OH 31.75 + 2.5 H2 = 241.25)
Actively absorbed and used directly by muscle as an energy source. (C6H12O6 183 + CO2 44 + C 12 + 1 H = 240)
Not processed by the liver before entering the blood stream. (C6H12O6 183 + CO2 44 + C 12 + 1 H = 240)
Any acute physical stress (including surgery, sepsis, fever, trauma, starvation) requires higher amounts of Valine, Leucine and Isoleucine that any of the other amino acids.
During period of Valine deficiency, all of the other amino acids (and protein) are less well absorbed by the GI tract. (COOH + H3 = 49)
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