BIO ALGEBRA OF LIVING ORGANISMS

(Bio Mathematical Lab of Sikander Aqeel) 

CHAPTER [3] PROTEINS  

Proteins  

(4/22/2016) 

Amino Acid Composition of Proteins:  

It is amazing that all the different types of proteins are initially synthesized as polymers of only 20 amino acids, known as the common amino acids, the common amino acids are defined as those amino acids for which a specific codon exists in the DNA genetic code, there are 20 amino acids for which DNA codon are known, the process of the reading of the DNA code, resulting in the polymerization of amino acids of a specific sequence into the proteins based on the DNA code, In this chapter we shall discus only the protein of this genetically controlled synthetic process,  

In addition to the common amino acids, derived amino acids are found in proteins, derived amino acids are found from one of the common amino acids, usually by an enzyme-facilitated reaction, after the common amino acids has been incorporated into the proteins structure, an example of a derived amino acids Cystine, other derived amino acids are desmosine and isodesmosine found in protein elastin, 

The hydroxyproline and hydroxylysine found in Collagen and Y-carboxyglutamate found in prothrombin, 

Regular Structure of the Common Amino Acids, 

The common amino acids have the regular structure, they contain on common a central (Alpha) carbon atom, to which a carboxyl acid group an amino group, and a hydrogen atom are covalently bonded, the (Alpha) a-carbon atom binds a side chain group designated R, that is different for each of the 20 amino acids, 

ALANINE 

Regular Structure of the Common Amino Acids

          COO-

          | 

    NH3 – C – H             Regular structure of common amino acids, 

          |     

          R 

In the structure the ionized form for common amino acids that present in solution at 7.0 pH, is shown,  

For example, 

    = a2 + b2 = c2 

    = a2 (NH3) + b2 (H) = c2 

    = a2 (17.75) + b2 (1.25) = c2 

    = a2 (315.0625) + b2 (1.5625) = c2 

    = a + b = 316.625 = c2 

    = a + b = 316.625 / 44 (COO-) = 7.19 

    = a + b = 7 = pH  

ALANINE 

Regular + Biological Structure of the Alanine

    = a2 + b2 = c2 

    = a2 (NH3) + b2 (H) = c2 

    = a2 (17.75) + b2 (1.25) = c2 

    = a2 (315.0625) + b2 (1.5625) = c2 

    = a + b = 316.625 = c2 

    = a + b = 316.625 / 17.7 = 17.7 

    = a + b = 17.7 + 20.675 (Alpha C + H3 + H3 + H1 = 20.75) = 38.375

    = a + b = 38.375 + 7.0 pH = 45.375  

    = a + b = 45.375 + 45.375 = 90.75 

    = a + b = 45.375 + R = 90.75      

    = a + b = 90.75 = Alanine (By Regular Structure of the Common Amino Acids) 

          COO-

          | 

    NH3 – C – H             Alanine = H7 (8.75 hydrogen atom), 

          |     

          CH3 

Here Alanine = H7 (8.75 hydrogen atom) 

The a-amino is protonated and in its ammonium ion form: the carbonxylic acid group is in its unprotonated or carboxyl ate form, 

Alpha = C

Alpha family = C + H3 + H3 + H1 = 20.75 

 Alpha basic = 20.675

             = 20.675 – 12 Alpha = 8.675

             = 8.675 / 7 = 1.23 size of one hydrogen atom 

When regular structure of common amino acids goes into the light hydrogen area of cell, then regular amino acids shift in Alanine amino acids, 

The cell is large ball for the DNA chain, if DNA chain is near of membranes of cell, then DNA chain will pickup deferent amino acids, if DNA helix is near of ribosomal then DNA helix will pickup other amino acids, and it is occurs when, when cell is filled with water, if cell is filled with too much fats, then DNA helix will not move in cell, and this act depends on zero protein and amino acids in cell like over age,