(Bio Mathematical Lab of Sikander Aqeel)
CHAPTER [3] PROTEINS
Proteins
(5/8/2016)
Amino Acid Composition of Proteins:
It is amazing that all the different types of proteins are initially synthesized as polymers of only 20 amino acids, known as the common amino acids, the common amino acids are defined as those amino acids for which a specific codon exists in the DNA genetic code, there are 20 amino acids for which DNA codon are known, the process of the reading of the DNA code, resulting in the polymerization of amino acids of a specific sequence into the proteins based on the DNA code, In this chapter we shall discus only the protein of this genetically controlled synthetic process,
In addition to the common amino acids, derived amino acids are found in proteins, derived amino acids are found from one of the common amino acids, usually by an enzyme-facilitated reaction, after the common amino acids has been incorporated into the proteins structure, an example of a derived amino acids Cystine, other derived amino acids are desmosine and isodesmosine found in protein elastin,
The hydroxyproline and hydroxylysine found in Collagen and Y-carboxyglutamate found in prothrombin,
Regular Structure of the Common Amino Acids,
The common amino acids have the regular structure, they contain on common a central (Alpha) carbon atom, to which a carboxyl acid group an amino group, and a hydrogen atom are covalently bonded, the (Alpha) a-carbon atom binds a side chain group designated R, that is different for each of the 20 amino acids,
ISOISOLEUCINE
Regular Structure of the Common Amino Acids
----------COO-
----------|
----H3N – C – H Regular structure of common amino acids,
----------|
----------R
In the structure the ionized form for common amino acids that present in solution at 7.0 pH, is shown,
For example,
= a2 + b2 = c2
= a2 (NH3) + b2 (H) = c2
= a2 (17.75) + b2 (1.25) = c2
= a2 (315.0625) + b2 (1.5625) = c2
= a + b = 316.625 = c2
= a + b = 316.625 / 44 (COO-) = 7.19
= a + b = 7 = pH
ISOISOLEUCINE
Regular + Biological Structure of the IsoIsoleucine
= a2 + b2 = c2
= a2 (NH3) + b2 (H) = c2
= a2 (17.75) + b2 (1.25) = c2
= a2 (315.0625) + b2 (1.5625) = c2
= a + b = 316.625 = c2
= a + b = 316.625 / 17.7 = 17.7
= a + b = 17.7 + 28.25 (Alpha C + H13 = 28.25) = 45.95
= a + b = 45.95 + 21.175 (H2O + H2 = 21.175) = 67.125 [Muscle tissue uses IsoIsoleucine as an energy source with water]
= a + b = 67.125 + 67.125 = 134.25
= a + b = 67.125 + R = 134.25
= a + b = 134.25 = IsoIsoleucine (By Regular Structure of the Common Amino Acids)
----------COO-
----------|
----H3N – C – H IsoIsoleucine = H13
----------|
----H3N – C – H
----------|
---------CH2
----------|
---------CH3
Here IsoIsoleucine = H13
The a-amino is proton-ate and in its ammonium ion form: the carbonxylic acid group is in its unproton-ate or carboxyl ate form,
Alpha = C
Alpha family = C + H13 = 28.25
Alpha basic = 28.25
= 28.25 – 12 Alpha = 16.25
= 16.25 / 13 = 1.25 size of one hydrogen atom
Main Functions of IsoIsoleucine:
Required in the formation of hemoglobin,
ISOISOLEUCINE ENZYMES, HEAM, GLOBIN, AND HEMOGLOBIN
The enzymes are kind of Time-acids, the world of enzymes belongs with 48 hours of one day, if your age is 48 year today, that your enzymes has worked 96 years, and this process increases to age system, and from this reason the enzymes speed occurs faster for catalyst,
IsoIsoleucine = 134.25 mole grams
IsoIsoleucine enzymes = 48 hours time of dabble speed
= a2 + b2 = c2
= a IsoIsoleucine + b time = c2
= a134.25 + b48 hours = c2
= a18023.0625 + b2304 = c2
= a + b = 20327.0625 = c2
= a + b = 20327.0625 / 142.57 = 142.57
Enzymes number = 142.57 * 142.57 = 20326.2049
Enzymes number = Time * Amino Acid = 20326.2049
IsoIsoleucine enzymes number = 20326.2049
HEMOGLOBIN
ATP
Glucose 6-phosphate = 3.30 kcal
gene = 2.24 (2.24 * 0.008 Photons = 0.01792)
= a2 + b2 = c2
= a IsoIsoleucine + b time = c2
= a134.25 + b48 hours = c2
= a18023.0625 + b2304 = c2
= a + b = 20327.0625 = c2
= a + b = 20327.0625 * 3.173 kcal = 64497.7693125
= a + b = 64497.76 + 2.24 = 64500.00
= a + b = 64500.00 = molecular weight of hemoglobin
Here (3.173 kcal energy change during hydrolysis ATP) glucose 6-phosphate = 3.30 kcal`,
DIVISION OF HEAM AND GLOBIN
Heam = two Iron = Fe2 = 56 + 56 = 112
Globin = proteins = 576 polypeptide chain
Hemoglobin = 64500.00 / 112 Fe2 = 575.89
= 576 / 7.4 pH = 77.83
= 77.83 + 56.42 (3H2O) = 134.25
= 134.25 = Isoleucine amino acids
Main Functions of Isoleucine:
Required in the formation of hemoglobin,
Muscle tissue uses IsoIsoleucine as an energy source,
GENETIC CODE FROM ISOLEUCINE
16 permutation of four-Letter code taken by pairs
Human bones = 206
Human chromosomes = 46.25
Isoleucine = 134.25
Guanine = 151.13 g/mol = (G)
Human bones = 206 * 46.25 = 9527.5
= 9527.5 = total genetic codes of 206 bones,
= a2 + b2 = c2
= a2 genetic codes + b2 Isoleucine = c2
= a2 9527.5 + b2 134.25 = c2
= 90773256.25 + 18023.0625 = c2
= 90773256.25 + 18023.0625 = c2
= a + b = 90791279.3125 = c2
= a + b = 90791279.3125 / 9528.4 = 9528.4
= 9528.4 / 151.13 (G) = 63.04
= 63 / 7 gene = 9
= 9 = AUU AUC AUA, Isoleucine genetic code
= genetic mutation = 7 gene by Isoleucine
= genetic mutation = 7 gene into the artery cells,
So 14 genes happening disorder per day by law of enzymes speed,
SEARCH OF GENETIC MUTATION
Enzymes speed = 120 minute (by 48 hours a day)
Guanine = 151.13
= a2 + b2 = c2
= a2 enzymes + b2 G = c2
= a2 120 + b2 151.13 = c2
= 14400 + 22840.2769 = c2
= 14400 + 22840.2769 = c2
= a + b = 37240.2769 = c2
= a + b = 37240.2769 / 193 = 193
= 193 / 27.5 (N2) = 7.01
= 7 = gene,
So 14 genes happening disorder per day by law of enzymes speed,
Main Functions of Isoleucine:
Required in the formation of hemoglobin,
Muscle tissue uses IsoIsoleucine as an energy source,
High dietary sugar or glucose intake causes release of insulin,
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