CHROMOSOMES WITH BIO-CHEMISTRY

(Bio Algebra of Chromosomes) 

(Mathematical Lab of Sikander Aqeel) 

CHAPTER [3] PROTEINS  

(7/21/2016) 

AMINO ACIDS HAVE AN ASYMMETRIC CENTER, 

The common amino acids with the normal structure have four substituent’s (R, H, COO-, NH3+) covalently bonded to the a-carbon in the a-amino acid structure, a carbon atom with four different substituent arranged in a tetrahedral configuration is asymmetric and exist in tow enantiomeric form, thus each amino acids (except glycine, in which R = H and thus two of the four substituent on the a-carbon are hydrogen) exhibits optical isomerism   

       COO-

       |

 NH3- C --H      

       | 

       R = L - configuration 

       COO-

       |

  H- C -- NH3     

       | 

       R = D – configuration 

The absolute configuration for an amino acid is depicted in utilizing the fischer  projection to show the direction in space of the tetrahedrally arranged a-carbon substituent, the a-COO- is directed up and back behind the plane of the end and the side chain group is directed down and also behind the plane, the a-H and a-NH3 groups are directed toward the reader, an amino acid held in this project it’s a-NH3 group either to the left or right of a-carbon, by convention, if the a-NH3 is projected to the left, the amino acid has an L absolute configuration, its optical enantiomer with a-NH3 projected toward the right, has a designated D absolute configuration, in mammalian proteins only amino acid of L configuration are found,  

       COO-

       |

 NH3- C --H      

       | 

       R = L - configuration 

       COO-

       |

  H- C -- NH3     

       | 

       R = D – configuration 

L - Configuration = C3H4NO2 = 87 

  = a2 - b2 = c2 

  = a2 (C3H4NO2) - b2 (a-carbon) = c2 

  = a2 (87) - b2 (12) = c2 

  = a2 (7569) - b2 (144) = c2 

  = a - b = 7425 = c2 

  = a - b = 7425 / 86.17 = 86.17 

  = a - b = 86.17 / 2.5 = 34.468 

  = a - b = 34.468 / 1.941 a-H = 17.75 

  = a - b = 17.75 = a-NH3 = D – configuration 

L – CONFIGURATION OF ALANINE WITH CHROMOSOMES

L - Configuration = Alanine = C3H7NO2 = 90.75 

  = a2 - b2 = c2 

  = a2 (C3H7NO2) - b2 (chromosomes) = c2 

  = a2 (90.75) - b2 (46.25) = c2 

  = a (8235.5625) - b (2139.0625) = c2 

  = a - b = 6096.5 = c2 

  = a - b = 6096.5 / 78.08 = 78.08

  = a - b = 78.08 / 2.5 (H2= A//T DNA) = 31.232

  = a - b = 31.232 + 4.268 a-H4 = 35.5 

  = a - b = 35.5 = (a-NH3)2 = D absolute configuration of right 

The a-H4 and (a-NH3)2 groups are direct toward the reader, its optical enantiomer with a-NH3 projected toward the right, has a designated D absolute configuration for protein, and in mammalian proteins only amino acid of L configuration are found,