(Bio Mathematical Lab of Sikander Aqeel)
CHAPTER [3] PROTEINS
Proteins
TECHNIQUES UTILIZED TO DETERMINE THE AMINO ACID SEQUENCE OF A PROTEIN
Knowledge of the primary structure (amino acid sequence) of a protein is required for an understanding of the relationship of a protein’s structure to its function on a molecular level,
In the determination of primary structure, first the number of polypeptide chain in the protein must be ascertained, to begin with the protein is denatured, and the treated with a reagent, such as Insulin, that forms a covalent bond with the NH2-termina a-amino groups of each polypeptide chain within the protein the tagged protein is then hydrolyzed to its constituent amino acids, typically condition for complete protein hydrolysis are 6 N HCl at 110 centigrade for 195 to 36 hours, in a sealed tube under vacuum, the vacuum prevents degradation of oxidation sensitive,
Since most polypeptide chain in proteins contain more then 30 to 40 amino acids, they have to be hydrolysed into smaller fragments and sequenced in section,
Both enzymatic and chemical methods are used to break polypeptide chain into smaller polypeptide fragments, for example pectin enzyme found in fruits and vegetables
CHEMICAL STRUCTURE OF DNA (11/6/2016)
DNA STRUCTURE
1 = phosphate = 95 mole = PO4
2 = 20 amino acids = 2784.25 m/g
= a2 / b2 = c2
= a2 (20 amino acids) / b2 (phosphate) = c2
= a2 (2784.25) / b2 (95) = c2
= a / b = (7752048.0625) / b (9025) = c2
= a / b = 858.95 = c2
= a / b = 859 = H1
DNA STRUCTURE
1 = phosphate = 95 mole = PO4
2 = Alanine = 90.75 m/g
= a2 + b2 = c2
= a2 (20 amino acids) / b2 (phosphate) = c2
= a2 (2784.25) / b2 (95) = c2
= a + b = (7752048.0625) + b (9025) = c2
= a + b = 7761073.0625 = c2
= a + b = 7761073.0625 / 2785.87 = 2785.87
= a + b = 2785.87 - 126.11 g mol−1 Thymine = 2659.76
= a + b = 2659.76 / 20 = 132.988
= a + b = 132.988 + 1.012 = 134
= a + b = 134 = Asparagine = C4H8N2O3
= a + b = 2785.87 / 2.5 (H2= A//T DNA) = 1114.348
= a + b = 1114.348 / 3.75 (H3= C///G DNA) = 297.15
= a + b = 297.15 / 8.7 (pH of pectic acid of pectin enzyme) = 34.15
= a + b = 34A = height of helix
Asparagine = Asn(N) = AAU AAC
HUMAN CHROMOSOMES
DNA STRUCTURE
1 = 20 amino acids = 2784.25 m/g
2 = Human Chromosomes = 46.25
= a2 + b2 = c2
= a2 (20 amino acids) + b2 (Chromosomes) = c2
= a2 (2784.25) + b2 (46.25) = c2
= a + b = (7752048.0625) + (2139.0625) = c2
= a + b = 7754187.125 = c2
= a + b = 7754187.125 / 2784.63 = 2784.63
= a + b = 2784.63 - 126.11 g mol−1 Thymine = 2658.52
= a + b = 2658.52 / 20 amino acids = 132.926
= a + b = 132.926 + 1.074 = 134
= a + b = 134 = Asparagine = C4H8N2O3
= a + b = 2784.63 / 2.5 (H2= A//T DNA) = 1113.852
= a / b = 1113.852 / 3.75 (H3= C///G DNA) = 297.0272
= a / b = 297.0272 / 8.7 (pH of pectic acid of pectin enzyme) = 34.14
= a + b = 34A = height of helix
Asparagine + Thymine = Asn(N) = AAU AAC = fruits + vegetables
CHEMICAL STRUCTURE OF DNA (11/7/2016)
DNA STRUCTURE
1 = Thymine = 126.11 g/mol = C5H6N2O2
2 = Asparagine = 134 = C4H8N2O3
= a2 / b2 = c2
= a2 (Asparagine) / b2 (Thymine) = c2
= a2 (134) / b2 (126.11) = c2
= a / b = (17956) / b (15903.7321) = c2
= a / b = 1.129 = c2
= a / b = 1.129 = H1
DNA STRUCTURE
1 = Thymine = 126.11 g/mol = C5H6N2O2
2 = Asparagine = 134 = C4H8N2O3
= a2 / b2 = c2
= a2 (Asparagine) / b2 (Thymine) = c2
= a2 (134) / b2 (126.11) = c2
= a + b = (17956) + b (15903.7321) = c2
= a + b = 33859.7321 = c2
= a + b = 33859.7321 / 184.01 = 184.01
= a + b = 184.01 - 135.13 g/mol Adenine C5H5N5 = 48.88
= a + b = 48.88 + 0.12 = 49
= a + b = 49 = CH2OH + OH
= a + b = 49 = furctose + alcohol of pectic acid
= a + b = 184.01 / 2.5 (H2= A//T DNA) = 73.604
= a + b = 73.604 / 3.75 (H3= C///G DNA) = 19.62
= a + b = 19.62 = H2O + H
= a + b = 19.62 + 3.38 (H3) = 23
= a + b = 23 = pair of Chromosomes
Asparagine + Adenine = Asn(N) = AAU AAC = fruits + vegetables
HUMAN CHROMOSOMES
DNA STRUCTURE
1 = Adenine = 135.13 g/mol = C5H5N5
2 = Chromosomes = 46.25
= a2 + b2 = c2
= a2 (Adenine) + b2 (Chromosomes) = c2
= a2 (135.13) + b2 (46.25) = c2
= a + b = (18260.1169) + (2139.0625) = c2
= a + b = 20399.1794 = c2
= a + b = 20399.1794 / 142.82 = 142.83
= a + b = 142.83 - 8.83 (pH of pectic acid) = 134 g/mol Asparagine
= a + b = 142.83 / 2.5 (H2= A//T DNA) = 57.132
= a / b = 57.132 / 3.75 (H3= C///G DNA) = 15.2352
= a / b = 15.2352 + 7.7648 H (Hydrogen chain of deoxyribose) = 23
= a / b = 23 = pair of Chromosomes
2 Asparagine + 2 Adenine = Asn(N) = AAU AAC = fruits + vegetables
CHEMICAL STRUCTURE OF DNA (11/8/2016)
DNA STRUCTURE
1 = Adenine = 135.13 g/mol = C5H5N5
2 = Asparagine = 134 = C4H8N2O3
= a2 / b2 = c2
= a2 (Adenine) / b2 (Asparagine) = c2
= a2 (135.13) / b2 (134) = c2
= a / b = (18260.1169) / b (17956) = c2
= a / b = 1.016 = c2
= a / b = 1.016 = H1
DNA STRUCTURE
1 = Adenine = 135.13 g/mol = C5H5N5
2 = Asparagine = 134 = C4H8N2O3
= a2 / b2 = c2
= a2 (Adenine) / b2 (Asparagine) = c2
= a2 (135.13) / b2 (134) = c2
= a + b = (18260.1169) + b (17956) = c2
= a + b = 36216.1169 = c2
= a + b = 36216.1169 / 190.30 = 190.31
= a + b = 190.31 - 151.13 g/mol Guanine C5H5N5O = 39.18
= a + b = 39.18 - 2.18 H2 = 37 (H2O)2
= a + b = 39.18 = (H2O)2 + H2
= a + b = 39.18 = 2 m/g water + 2 hydrogen of pectic acid
A .. T = G
= a + b = 190.31 / 2.5 (H2= A//T DNA) = 76.124
= a + b = 76.124 / 3.75 (H3= C///G DNA) = 20.29
= a + b = 20.29 = H2O + H
= a + b = 20.29 + 2.71 (H2) = 23
= a + b = 23 = pair of Chromosomes
Asparagine + A .. T = G = Asn(N) = AAU AAC = fruits + vegetables
HUMAN CHROMOSOMES
DNA STRUCTURE
1 = Guanine = 151.13 g/mol = C5H5N5O
2 = Chromosomes = 46.25
= a2 + b2 = c2
= a2 (Guanine) + b2 (Chromosomes) = c2
= a2 (151.13) + b2 (46.25) = c2
= a + b = (22840.2769) + (2139.0625) = c2
= a + b = 24979.3394 = c2
= a + b = 24979.3394 / 158.04 = 158.05
= a + b = 158.05 - 24.05 (C2 of pectic acid) = 134 g/mol Asparagine
= a + b = 158.05 / 2.5 (H2= A//T DNA) = 63.22
= a / b = 63.22 / 3.75 (H3= C///G DNA) = 16.85
= a / b = 16.85 + 6.15 H (Hydrogen chain of deoxyribose) = 23
= a / b = 23 = pair of Chromosomes
Asparagine + A .. T = G = Asn(N) = AAU AAC = fruits + vegetables
CHEMICAL STRUCTURE OF DNA (11/9/2016)
DNA STRUCTURE
1 = Guanine = 151.13 g/mol = C5H5N5O
2 = Asparagine = 134 = C4H8N2O3
= a2 / b2 = c2
= a2 (Guanine) / b2 (Asparagine) = c2
= a2 (151.13) / b2 (134) = c2
= a / b = (22840.2769) / b (17956) = c2
= a / b = 1.272 = c2
= a / b = 1.272 = H1
DNA STRUCTURE
1 = Guanine = 151.13 g/mol = C5H5N5O
2 = Asparagine = 134 = C4H8N2O3
= a2 / b2 = c2
= a2 (Guanine) / b2 (Asparagine) = c2
= a2 (151.13) / b2 (134) = c2
= a + b = (22840.2769) + b (17956) = c2
= a + b = 40796.2769 = c2
= a + b = 40796.2769 / 201.98 = 201.98
= a + b = 201.98 - 111.1 g/mol Cytosine C4H5N3O = 90.88
= a + b = 90.88 + 1.62 H1 = 92.5 (H2O)5
= a + b = 92.5 = (H2O)5 + H1
= a + b = 92.5 = 5 m/g water + 1 hydrogen of pectic acid
A .. T = C ... G
A//T = C///G
= a + b = 201.98 / 2.5 (H2= A//T DNA) = 80.792
= a + b = 80.792 / 3.75 (H3= C///G DNA) = 21.54
= a + b = 21.54 = H2O + H3
= a + b = 21.54 + 1.46 (H1) = 23
= a + b = 23 = pair of Chromosomes
Asparagine + A .. T = C ... G = Asn(N) = AAU AAC = fruits + vegetables
HUMAN CHROMOSOMES
DNA STRUCTURE
1 = Cytosine = 111.1 g/mol = C4H5N3O
2 = Chromosomes = 46.25
= a2 + b2 = c2
= a2 (Cytosine) + b2 (Chromosomes) = c2
= a2 (111.1) + b2 (46.25) = c2
= a + b = (12343.21) + (2139.0625) = c2
= a + b = 14482.2725 = c2
= a + b = 14482.2725 / 120.34 = 120.34
= a + b = 120.34 + 13.66 (C1 of pectic acid) = 134 g/mol Asparagine
= a + b = 120.34 / 2.5 (H2= A//T DNA) = 48.136
= a / b = 48.136 / 3.75 (H3= C///G DNA) = 12.83
= a / b = 12.83 + 10.17 H (Hydrogen chain of deoxyribose) = 23
= a / b = 23 = pair of Chromosomes
Asparagine + A .. T = C ... G = Asn(N) = AAU AAC = fruits + vegetables
Asparagine + A//T = C///G = Asn(N) = AAU AAC = fruits + vegetables
Asparagine = Hippocampus and the Hypothalamus from large amount of water for brain and t0 the rest of the nervous system,
Twitter
Digg
Facebook
Report this page
