(Bio Mathematical Lab of Sikander Aqeel)
CHAPTER [3] PROTEINS
Proteins
TECHNIQUES UTILIZED TO DETERMINE THE AMINO ACID SEQUENCE OF A PROTEIN
Knowledge of the primary structure (amino acid sequence) of a protein is required for an understanding of the relationship of a protein’s structure to its function on a molecular level,
In the determination of primary structure, first the number of polypeptide chain in the protein must be ascertained, to begin with the protein is denatured, and the treated with a reagent, such as Adrenocorticotropic Hormone, that forms a covalent bond with the NH2-termina a-amino groups of each polypeptide chain within the protein the tagged protein is then hydrolyzed to its constituent amino acids, typically condition for complete protein hydrolysis are 6 N HCl at 110 centigrade for 195 to 36 hours, in a sealed tube under vacuum, the vacuum prevents degradation of oxidation sensitive,
Since most polypeptide chain in proteins contain more then 30 to 40 amino acids, they have to be hydrolysed into smaller fragments and sequenced in section,
Both enzymatic and chemical methods are used to break polypeptide chain into smaller polypeptide fragments, for example we are making polypeptide from smaller 20 basic amino acids, or we are going in large polypeptide from small polypeptide,
CHEMICAL STRUCTURE OF DNA (12/2/2016)
DNA STRUCTURE
For example we are making polypeptide from smaller 20 basic amino acids, or we are going in large polypeptide from small polypeptide,
1 = Adrenocorticotropic Hormone = 18825.86 % by furctose and alcohol
2 = 20 basic amino acids = 2784.25 m/g
= a2 / b2 = c2
= a2 (Adrenocorticotropic Hormone) / b2 (20 basic amino acids) = c2
= a2 (18825.86) / b2 (2784.25) = c2
= a / b = (354413004.7396) / b (7752048.0625) = c2
= a / b = 45.71 = c2
= a / b = 45.25 = COOH
DNA STRUCTURE
1 = Adrenocorticotropic Hormone = 18825.86 % by furctose and alcohol
2 = 20 basic amino acids = 2784.25 m/g
= a2 + b2 = c2
= a2 (20 basic amino acids) / b2 (Adrenocorticotropic Hormone) = c2
= a2 (2784.25) / b2 (18825.86 %) = c2
= a + b = (7752048.0625) + b (354413004.7396) = c2
= a + b = 362165052.8021 = c2
= a + b = 362165052.8021 / 19030.63 = 19030.63
= a + b = 19030.63 = polypeptide
= a + b = 19030.63 - 135.13 g mol Adenine = 18895.5
= a + b = 18895.5 / 39 amino acid of Adrenocorticotropic Hormone = 484.5
= a + b = 484.5 = (CH2OH)12 Fructose + (OH)6 alcohol of smaller polypeptide
= a + b = 19030.63 / 2.5 (H2= A//T DNA) = 7612.252
= a + b = 7612.252 / 3.75 (H3= C///G DNA) = 2029.93
= a + b = 2029.93 / 7.4 (pH of blood plasma) = 274.31
= a + b = 274.31 - 2.81 (H2) = 271.5
= a + b = 271.5 = (COOH) 6 carboxylic acid of Adrenocorticotropic Hormone
Six Alcohol + twelve Fructose + six carboxylic acid = A..
HUMAN CHROMOSOMES
DNA STRUCTURE
1 = 20 basic amino acids = 2784.25 mole
2 = Human Chromosomes = 46.25
= a2 + b2 = c2
= a2 (20 basic amino acids) + b2 (Chromosomes) = c2
= a2 (2784.25) + b2 (46.25) = c2
= a + b = (7752048.0625) + (2139.0625) = c2
= a + b = 7754187.125 = c2
= a + b = 7754187.125 / 2784.63 = 2784.63
= a + b = 2784.63 = polypeptide
= a + b = 2784.63 - 135.13 g mol Adenine = 254 mole9.5
= a + b = 254 mole9.5 / 40 amino acids of polypeptide = 66.2375
= a + b = 66.23 - 2.73 H2 = 63.5
= a + b = 63.5 = fructose = CH2OH
= a + b = 63.5 = two fructose of smaller polypeptide
= a + b = 2784.63 / 2.5 (H2= A//T DNA) = 1113.852
= a / b = 1113.852 / 3.75 (H3= C///G DNA) = 297.0272
= a / b = 297.0272 / 8.7 (pH of blood plasma) = 40.13
= a + b = 40.13 + 5.12 H4 = 45.25
= a + b = 45.25 = COOH carboxylic acid of Adrenocorticotropic Hormone
Fructose + carboxylic acid of Adrenocorticotropic Hormone = A..
CHEMICAL STRUCTURE OF DNA (12/2/2016)
DNA STRUCTURE
1 = Adrenocorticotropic Hormone = 18825.86 % by furctose and alcohol
2 = Adenine = 135.13 g mol
= a2 + b2 = c2
= a2 (Adenine) / b2 (Adrenocorticotropic Hormone) = c2
= a2 (135.13) / b2 (18825.86 %) = c2
= a + b = (18260.1169) + (354413004.7396) = c2
= a + b = 354431264.8565 = c2
= a + b = 354431264.8565 / 18826.34 = 18826.34
= a + b = 18826.34 - 126.11 g mol Thymine = 18700.23
= a + b = 18700.23 / 102.18 (H2PO4 + H4 = 102.5) = 183.01
= a + b = 183 = C6H12O6 = glucose + phosphate hydrogen of smaller polypeptide
= a + b = 18826.34 / 2.5 (H2= A//T DNA) = 7530.536
= a + b = 7530.536 / 3.75 (H3= C///G DNA) = 2008.14
= a + b = 2008.14 / 7.4 (pH of blood plasma) = 271.37
= a + b = 271.37 + 0.13 () = 271.5
= a + b = 271.5 = (COOH) 6 carboxylic acid
Glucose + phosphate + carboxylic acid = A..T
Glucose + phosphate + carboxylic acid = A//T
HUMAN CHROMOSOMES
DNA STRUCTURE
1 = Adenine = 135.13 m/g
2 = Human Chromosomes = 46.25
= a2 + b2 = c2
= a2 (Adenine) + b2 (Chromosomes) = c2
= a2 (135.13) + b2 (46.25) = c2
= a + b = (18260.1169) + (2139.0625) = c2
= a + b = 20399.1794 = c2
= a + b = 20399.1794 / 142.82 = 142.83
= a + b = 142.83 - 126.11 g mol Thymine = 16.72
= a + b = 16.72 + 0.53 = 17.25
= a + b = 17.25 = alcohol of smaller polypeptide,
= a + b = 142.83 / 2.5 (H2= A//T DNA) = 57.132
= a / b = 57.132 / 3.75 (H3= C///G DNA) = 15.2352
= a / b = 15.2352 / 1.269 (pH of pepsin) = 12.00
= a + b = 12.00 = one Carbon atom of Adrenocorticotropic Hormone from in 18 carbon atoms
Fructose + carboxylic acid of Adrenocorticotropic Hormone = A..T
Fructose + carboxylic acid of Adrenocorticotropic Hormone = A//T
CHEMICAL STRUCTURE OF DNA (12/2/2016)
DNA STRUCTURE
1 = Adrenocorticotropic Hormone = 18825.86 % by furctose and alcohol
2 = Thymine = 126.11 g mol
= a2 + b2 = c2
= a2 (Thymine) / b2 (Adrenocorticotropic Hormone) = c2
= a2 (126.11) / b2 (18825.86 %) = c2
= a + b = (15903.7321) + b (354413004.7396) = c2
= a + b = 354428908.4717 = c2
= a + b = 354428908.4717 / 18826.28 = 18826.28
= a + b = 18826.28 - 111.1 g mol Cytosine = 18715.18
= a + b = 18715.18 - 151.13 g mol Guanine = 18564.05
= a + b = 18564.05 / 101.44 (H2PO4 + H3 = 101.25) = 183.00
= a + b = 183 = (C6H12O6) glucose phosphate of peptided
= a + b = 18826.28 / 2.5 (H2= A//T DNA) = 7530.512
= a + b = 7530.512 / 3.75 (H3= C///G DNA) = 2008.13
= a + b = 2008.13 / 7.4 (pH of blood plasma) = 271.36
= a + b = 271.36 + 0.14 () = 271.5
= a + b = 271.5 = (COOH)6 carboxyl acid
carboxyl acid + glucose + phosphate = A..T = C...G
carboxyl acid + glucose + phosphate = A//T = C///G
HUMAN CHROMOSOMES
DNA STRUCTURE
1 = Guanine = 151.13 m/g
2 = Human Chromosomes = 46.25
= a2 + b2 = c2
= a2 (Guanine) + b2 (Chromosomes) = c2
= a2 (151.13) + b2 (46.25) = c2
= a + b = (22840.2769) + (2139.0625) = c2
= a + b = 24979.3394 = c2
= a + b = 24979.3394 / 158.04 = 158.05
= a + b = 158.05 - 111.1 g mol Cytosine = 46.95
= a + b = 46.95 - 1.7 H = 45.25
= a + b = 45.25 = COOH
= a + b = 45.25 = carboxyl acid of smaller polypeptide,
= a + b = 158.05 / 2.5 (H2= A//T DNA) = 63.22
= a / b = 63.22 / 3.75 (H3= C///G DNA) = 16.85
= a / b = 16.85 / 1.20 (pH of pepsin) = 14.04
= a + b = 14.04 = nitrogen atom of acids
Chromosomes + carboxyl acid + hydrogen = A..T = C...G
Chromosomes + carboxyl acid + hydrogen = A//T = C///G
The DNA structure takes less time to joint with each another in presence of fatty acids, or it is just a effect of fatty acids on the mRNA for make proteins of fat people,
Adrenocorticotropic Hormone
Adrenal glands
Stimulates production of adrenal cortex steroids (cortisol and costicosterone)
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