(Bio Mathematical Lab of Sikander Aqeel)
CHAPTER [3] PROTEINS
Proteins
THE PRIMARY STRUCTURE OF INSULIN
A study of the primary structure of the protein hormone insulin elucidates chemical events that occur in the biosynthesis of insulin from precursor forms in the pancreatic islet cells, Insulin is initially produced in a form known as preproinsulin, which is converted to an intermediate size protein proinsulin, in the endoplasmic reticulum by an enzyme-catalyzed hydrolysis of the NH3-terminal 23 amino acids in the preproinsulin,
PRIMARY STRUCTURE OF INSULIN (12/4/2016)
DNA STRUCTURE
Preproinsulin insulin
A chain =
Asparagine = 134 m/g
Cysteine = 122.75 m/g
Tyrosine = 183.75 m/g
Asparagine = 134 m/g
Glutamate = 149.25 m/g
Leucine = 134.25 m/g
Glutamine = 148.5 m/g
Tyrosine = 183.75 m/g
Leucine = 134.25 m/g
Serine = 106.75 m/g
Cysteine = 122.75 m/g
Isoleucine = 134.25 m/g
Serine = 106.75 m/g
Threonine = 121.25 m/g
Cysteine = 122.75 m/g
Cysteine = 122.75 m/g
Glutamine = 148.5 m/g
Glutamate = 149.25 m/g
Valine = 119.75 m/g
Isoleucine = 134.25 m/g
Glycine = 76.25 m/g
----------------------------
Arginine = 177.5 m/g
Lysine = 149.5 m/g
Total = 3116.75 amino acids of A chain
32 32
While Cys-------S-----S------Cys
DNA STRUCTURE
1 = Pancreas = Insulin = 51 amino acids
2 = A chain amino acids = 3116.75 m/g
= a2 + b2 = c2
= a2 (A chain amino acids) / b2 (Insulin) = c2
= a2 (3116.75) / b2 (51) = c2
= a + b = (9714130.5625) + b (2601) = c2
= a + b = 9716731.5625 = c2
= a + b = 9716731.5625 / 3117.16 = 3117.17
= a + b = 3117.17 / 64 (S2) = 48.70
= a + b = 48.70 + 0.8 () = 49.5
= a + b = 49.5 = 3 terminal of insulin (NH2)3
= a + b = 3117.17 - 135.13 g mol Adenine = 2982.04
= a + b = 2982.04 / 51 amino acid of Insulin = 58.47
= a + b = 58.47 + 5.03 (H4) = 63.5
= a + b = 63.5 = (CH2OH)1 Fructose + hydrogen of smaller polypeptide
= a + b = 3117.17 / 2.5 (H2= A//T DNA) = 1246.868
= a + b = 1246.868 / 3.75 (H3= C///G DNA) = 332.49
= a + b = 332.49 / 7.4 (pH of blood plasma) = 44.93
= a + b = 44.93 + 0.32 () = 45.25
= a + b = 45.25 = (COOH)1 carboxylic acid of insulin
One Fructose + one carboxylic acid = A..
HUMAN CHROMOSOMES
DNA STRUCTURE
1 = 20 basic amino acids = 2784.25 mole
2 = Human Chromosomes = 46.25
= a2 + b2 = c2
= a2 (20 basic amino acids) + b2 (Chromosomes) = c2
= a2 (2784.25) + b2 (46.25) = c2
= a + b = (7752048.0625) + (2139.0625) = c2
= a + b = 7754187.125 = c2
= a + b = 7754187.125 / 2784.63 = 2784.63
= a + b = 2784.63 = polypeptide
= a + b = 2784.63 - 135.13 g mol Adenine = 254 mole9.5
= a + b = 254 mole9.5 / 40 amino acids of polypeptide = 66.2375
= a + b = 66.23 - 2.73 H2 = 63.5
= a + b = 63.5 = fructose = CH2OH
= a + b = 63.5 = two fructose of smaller polypeptide
= a + b = 2784.63 / 2.5 (H2= A//T DNA) = 1113.852
= a / b = 1113.852 / 3.75 (H3= C///G DNA) = 297.0272
= a / b = 297.0272 / 8.7 (pH of blood plasma) = 40.13
= a + b = 40.13 + 5.12 H4 = 45.25
= a + b = 45.25 = COOH carboxylic acid of insulin
Fructose + carboxylic acid of insulin = A..
PRIMARY STRUCTURE OF INSULIN (12/6/2016)
DNA STRUCTURE
1 = Adenine = 135.13 m/g
2 = A chain amino acids = 3116.75 m/g
= a2 + b2 = c2
= a2 (Adenine) / b2 (A chain amino acids) = c2
= a2 (135.13) / b2 (3116.75 %) = c2
= a + b = (18260.1169) + (9714130.5625) = c2
= a + b = 9732390.6794 = c2
= a + b = 9732390.6794 / 3119.67 = 3119.68
= a + b = 3119.68 - 126.11 g mol Thymine = 2993.57
= a + b = 2993.57 / 16.358 (O1 = 16) = 183.00
= a + b = 183 = C6H12O6 = glucose + oxygen of smaller polypeptide
= a + b = 3119.68 / 2.5 (H2= A//T DNA) = 1247.872
= a + b = 1247.872 / 3.75 (H3= C///G DNA) = 332.76
= a + b = 332.76 / 7.4 (pH of blood plasma) = 44.967
= a + b = 44.967 + 0.283 () = 45.25
= a + b = 45.25 = (COOH) 1 carboxylic acid
Glucose + carboxylic acid = A..T
Glucose + carboxylic acid = A//T
HUMAN CHROMOSOMES
DNA STRUCTURE
1 = Adenine = 135.13 m/g
2 = Human Chromosomes = 46.25
= a2 + b2 = c2
= a2 (Adenine) + b2 (Chromosomes) = c2
= a2 (135.13) + b2 (46.25) = c2
= a + b = (18260.1169) + (2139.0625) = c2
= a + b = 20399.1794 = c2
= a + b = 20399.1794 / 142.82 = 142.83
= a + b = 142.83 - 126.11 g mol Thymine = 16.72
= a + b = 16.72 + 0.53 = 17.25
= a + b = 17.25 = alcohol of smaller polypeptide,
= a + b = 142.83 / 2.5 (H2= A//T DNA) = 57.132
= a / b = 57.132 / 3.75 (H3= C///G DNA) = 15.2352
= a / b = 15.2352 / 1.269 (pH of pepsin) = 12.00
= a + b = 12.00 = one Carbon atom
Fructose + carboxylic acid of primary structure of insulin = A..T
Fructose + carboxylic acid of primary structure of insulin = A//T
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